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Exponential & Logarithmic Graphs
O-Level A Math
Exponential Graphs

4 basic shapes:

Exponential graphs: y = eˣ, y = e⁻ˣ, y = −eˣ, y = −e⁻ˣ
Logarithmic Graphs

4 basic shapes:

Logarithmic graphs: y = ln x, y = ln(−x), y = −ln x, y = −ln(−x)
Asymptote of $y = \ln(ax - b)$:
Set argument to zero: $ax - b = 0 \implies x = \dfrac{b}{a}$

Formulas for the Singapore O-Level Additional Mathematics syllabus